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Ĭertain Christian leaders and movements had important influences on early Pentecostals. Torrey began to speak of an experience available to all Christians which would empower believers to evangelize the world, often termed baptism with the Holy Spirit. Believing that the second coming of Christ was imminent, these Christians expected an endtime revival of apostolic power, spiritual gifts, and miracle-working. Within this radical evangelicalism, expressed most strongly in the Wesleyan–holiness and Higher Life movements, themes of restorationism, premillennialism, faith healing, and greater attention on the person and work of the Holy Spirit were central to emerging Pentecostalism. and Edith Blumhofer write that the movement emerged from late 19th-century radical evangelical revival movements in America and in Great Britain. Įarly Pentecostals have considered the movement a latter-day restoration of the church's apostolic power, and historians such as Cecil M. Pentecostalism is believed to be the fastest-growing religious movement in the world. Middle-class congregations tend to have fewer members. While the movement originally attracted mostly lower classes in the global South, there is a new appeal to middle classes. Together, worldwide Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 644 million adherents. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning the baptism of the Holy Spirit and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through their adherence to the Charismatic movement. With over 279 million classical Pentecostals worldwide, the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the Global South and Third World countries. No central authority exists, but many denominations are affiliated with the Pentecostal World Fellowship. Ĭomprising over 700 denominations and many independent churches, Pentecostalism is highly decentralized. As a result, the Pentecostal movement is divided between Holiness Pentecostals who affirm the second work of grace, and Finished Work Pentecostals who are partitioned into trinitarian and non-trinitarian branches, the latter giving rise to Oneness Pentecostalism. Early disputes centered on challenges to the doctrine of entire sanctification, as well as that of the Trinity. While virtually all Pentecostal denominations trace their origins to Azusa Street, the movement has had several divisions and controversies. Visitors carried the Pentecostal experience back to their home churches or felt called to the mission field. The three-year-long Azusa Street Revival, founded and led by Seymour in Los Angeles, California, resulted in the growth of Pentecostalism throughout the United States and the rest of the world. Seymour, a Wesleyan-Holiness preacher, he taught that this was the third work of grace. In 1900, Charles Parham, an American evangelist and faith healer, began teaching that speaking in tongues was the Bible evidence of Spirit baptism. Believing that they were living in the end times, they expected God to spiritually renew the Christian Church, and bring to pass the restoration of spiritual gifts and the evangelization of the world. Holiness Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century among radical adherents of the Wesleyan-Holiness movement, who were energized by Christian revivalism and expectation for the imminent Second Coming of Christ.

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For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term 'Apostolic' or ' Full Gospel' to describe their movement. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the Early Church. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts: such as speaking in tongues and divine healing. It is distinguished by belief in the 'baptism in the Holy Spirit' that enables a Christian to 'live a Spirit-filled and empowered life'. Like other forms of evangelical Protestantism, Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of the Bible and the necessity of the New Birth: an individual repenting of their sin and 'accepting Jesus Christ as personal Lord and Savior'. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, an event that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles ( Acts 2:1–31). Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.

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